收集整理的awk用法小结

February 8, 2006 1 Comment

提示：其实 man awk 提供的文档也很详细，不过整理加上中文估计还是可以对初学者有一定帮助的。

awk 用法：awk ‘ pattern {action} ‘

变量名 含义
ARGC 命令行变元个数
ARGV 命令行变元数组
FILENAME 当前输入文件名
FNR 当前文件中的记录号
FS 输入域分隔符，默认为一个空格
RS 输入记录分隔符
NF 当前记录里域个数
NR 到目前为止记录数
OFS 输出域分隔符
ORS 输出记录分隔符

1、
awk ‘/101/’ file 显示文件file中包含101的匹配行。
awk ‘/101/,/105/’ file
awk ‘$1 == 5’ file
awk ‘$1 == “CT”‘ file 注意必须带双引号
awk ‘$1 * $2 >100 ‘ file
awk ‘$2 >5 && $2<=15' file 2、 awk '{print NR,NF,$1,$NF,}' file 显示文件file的当前记录号、域数和每一行的第一个和最后一个域。 awk '/101/ {print $1,$2 + 10}' file 显示文件file的匹配行的第一、二个域加10。 awk '/101/ {print $1$2}' file awk '/101/ {print $1 $2}' file 显示文件file的匹配行的第一、二个域，但显示时域中间没有分隔符。 3、 df | awk '$4>1000000 ‘ 通过管道符获得输入，如：显示第4个域满足条件的行。

4、
awk -F “|” ‘{print $1}’ file 按照新的分隔符“|”进行操作。
awk ‘BEGIN { FS=”[: \t|]” } {print $1,$2,$3}’ file 通过设置输入分隔符（FS=”[: \t|]”）修改输入分隔符。

Sep=”|”
awk -F $Sep ‘{print $1}’ file 按照环境变量Sep的值做为分隔符。
awk -F ‘[ :\t|]’ ‘{print $1}’ file 按照正则表达式的值做为分隔符，这里代表空格、:、TAB、|同时做为分隔符。
awk -F ‘[][]’ ‘{print $1}’ file 按照正则表达式的值做为分隔符，这里代表[、]

5、
awk -f awkfile file 通过文件awkfile的内容依次进行控制。
cat awkfile /101/{print “\047 Hello! \047″} –遇到匹配行以后打印 ‘ Hello! ‘.\047代表单引号。
{print $1,$2} –因为没有模式控制，打印每一行的前两个域。

6、
awk ‘$1 ~ /101/ {print $1}’ file 显示文件中第一个域匹配101的行（记录）。

7、
awk ‘BEGIN { OFS=”%”} {print $1,$2}’ file 通过设置输出分隔符（OFS=”%”）修改输出格式。

8、
awk ‘BEGIN { max=100 ;print “max=” max} BEGIN 表示在处理任意行之前进行的操作。{max=($1 >max ?$1:max); print $1,”Now max is “max}’ file 取得文件第一个域的最大值。
（表达式1?表达式2:表达式3 相当于：
if (表达式1)
表达式2
else
表达式3
awk ‘{print ($1>4 ? “high “$1: “low “$1)}’ file

9、
awk ‘$1 * $2 >100 {print $1}’ file 显示文件中第一个域匹配101的行（记录）。

10、
awk ‘{$1 == ‘Chi’ {$3 = ‘China’; print}’ file 找到匹配行后先将第3个域替换后再显示该行（记录）。
awk ‘{$7 %= 3; print $7}’ file 将第7域被3除，并将余数赋给第7域再打印。

11、
awk ‘/tom/ {wage=$2+$3; printf wage}’ file 找到匹配行后为变量wage赋值并打印该变量。

12、
awk ‘/tom/ {count++;}
END {print “tom was found “count” times”}’ file END表示在所有输入行处理完后进行处理。

13、
awk ‘gsub(/\$/,””);gsub(/,/,””); cost+=$4; END {print “The total is $” cost>”filename”}’ file gsub函数用空串替换$和,再将结果输出到filename中。
1 2 3 $1,200.00
1 2 3 $2,300.00
1 2 3 $4,000.00

awk ‘{gsub(/\$/,””);gsub(/,/,””);
if ($4>1000&&$4<2000) c1+=$4; else if ($4>2000&&$4<3000) c2+=$4; else if ($4>3000&&$4<4000) c3+=$4; else c4+=$4; } END {printf "c1=[%d];c2=[%d];c3=[%d];c4=[%d]\n",c1,c2,c3,c4}"' file 通过if和else if完成条件语句 awk '{gsub(/\$/,"");gsub(/,/,""); if ($4>3000&&$4<4000) exit; else c4+=$4; } END {printf "c1=[%d];c2=[%d];c3=[%d];c4=[%d]\n",c1,c2,c3,c4}"' file 通过exit在某条件时退出，但是仍执行END操作。 awk '{gsub(/\$/,"");gsub(/,/,""); if ($4>3000) next;
else c4+=$4; }
END {printf “c4=[%d]\n”,c4}”‘ file
通过next在某条件时跳过该行，对下一行执行操作。

14、
awk ‘{ print FILENAME,$0 }’ file1 file2 file3>fileall 把file1、file2、file3的文件内容全部写到fileall中，格式为
打印文件并前置文件名。

15、
awk ‘ $1!=previous { close(previous); previous=$1 }
{print substr($0,index($0,” “) +1)>$1}’ fileall 把合并后的文件重新分拆为3个文件。并与原文件一致。

16、
awk ‘BEGIN {“date”|getline d; print d}’ 通过管道把date的执行结果送给getline，并赋给变量d，然后打印。

17、
awk ‘BEGIN {system(“echo \”Input your name:\\c\””); getline d;print “\nYour name is”,d,”\b!\n”}’
通过getline命令交互输入name，并显示出来。
awk ‘BEGIN {FS=”:”; while(getline< "/etc/passwd" >0) { if($1~”050[0-9]_”) print $1}}’
打印/etc/passwd文件中用户名包含050x_的用户名。

18、
awk ‘{ i=1;while(i28) flag=1;
if ((j==4||j==6||j==9||j==11)&&i>30) flag=1;
if (flag==0) {printf “%02d%02d “,j,i}
}
}
}’

19、
在awk中调用系统变量必须用单引号，如果是双引号，则表示字符串
Flag=abcd
awk ‘{print ‘$Flag’}’ 结果为abcd
awk ‘{print “$Flag”}’ 结果为$Flag

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