用C语言操作MySQL数据库,进行连接、插入、修改、删除等操作

  很多人用到MySQL来开发一些项目,有时为了性能,我们会直接用C语言来开发相关的模块,尤其在我们的web应用中,虽然PHP、JSP等脚本均提供了MySQL的接口,但是显然直接使用C语言具有更好的安全性和性能,Michael以前用PHP开发的多个项目中就使用了C语言编写的这类接口,然后再编译到php里面,供php脚本直接使用,这方面的话题就不多说了,下面主要说一下在Linux下如何用C语言连接MySQL数据库,并且读取里面的数据返回,同时如何进行编译。

  这里的大部分代码参考了MySQL发行包里面的.c源文件,大家也可以去里面找找相关的代码,下面这段代码实现了连接到本地MySQL服务器上9tmd_bbs_utf8数据库,从数据表tbb_user中根据输入的userid取得该用户的用户名并打印输出到终端。

[coolcode lang=”cpp”]
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64) //为了支持windows平台上的编译
#include
#endif
#include
#include
#include “mysql.h” //我的机器上该文件在/usr/local/include/mysql下

//定义数据库操作的宏,也可以不定义留着后面直接写进代码
#define SELECT_QUERY “select username from tbb_user where userid = %d”

int main(int argc, char **argv) //char **argv 相当于 char *argv[]
{
MYSQL mysql,*sock; //定义数据库连接的句柄,它被用于几乎所有的MySQL函数
MYSQL_RES *res; //查询结果集,结构类型
MYSQL_FIELD *fd ; //包含字段信息的结构
MYSQL_ROW row ; //存放一行查询结果的字符串数组
char qbuf[160]; //存放查询sql语句字符串

if (argc != 2) { //检查输入参数
fprintf(stderr,”usage : mysql_select \n\n”);
exit(1);
}

mysql_init(&mysql);
if (!(sock = mysql_real_connect(&mysql,”localhost”,”dbuser”,”dbpwd”,”9tmd_bbs_utf8″,0,NULL,0))) {
fprintf(stderr,”Couldn’t connect to engine!\n%s\n\n”,mysql_error(&mysql));
perror(“”);
exit(1);
}

sprintf(qbuf,SELECT_QUERY,atoi(argv[1]));
if(mysql_query(sock,qbuf)) {
fprintf(stderr,”Query failed (%s)\n”,mysql_error(sock));
exit(1);
}

if (!(res=mysql_store_result(sock))) {
fprintf(stderr,”Couldn’t get result from %s\n”, mysql_error(sock));
exit(1);
}

printf(“number of fields returned: %d\n”,mysql_num_fields(res));

while (row = mysql_fetch_row(res)) {
printf(“Ther userid #%d ‘s username is: %s\n”, atoi(argv[1]),(((row[0]==NULL)&&(!strlen(row[0]))) ? “NULL” : row[0])) ;
puts( “query ok !\n” ) ;
}

mysql_free_result(res);
mysql_close(sock);
exit(0);
return 0; //. 为了兼容大部分的编译器加入此行
}
[/coolcode]

编译的时候,使用下面的命令
[coolcode]
gcc -o mysql_select ./mysql_select.c -I/usr/local/include/mysql -L/usr/local/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient (-lz) (-lm) 后面两个选项可选,根据您的环境情况
[/coolcode]

运行的时候,执行下面的命令
[coolcode]
./mysql_select 1
[/coolcode]
将返回如下结果:
[coolcode]
number of fields returned: 1
Ther userid #1 ‘s username is: Michael
query ok !
[/coolcode]

上面的代码我想大部分都能看明白,不明白的可以参考一下MySQL提供的有关C语言API部分文档,各个函数都有详细说明,有时间我整理一份常用的API说明出来。

Category: C / Erlang / Lua
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12 Responses
  1. 冯明亮 says:

    请问Michael,你的这篇blog的内嵌代码的部分是怎样实现的?
    我想在Word或者openofifce里面实现一个类似的控件,但是还考虑不清楚用什么方式比较好。有空的话请回个邮件,谢谢了~~~

  2. TEST says:

    注意 ‘ or 这些字符

  3. xmpp says:

    utf8乱码

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  6. perfect. thanks

  7. 说的有点模糊,,看不懂

  8. shilong says:

    出现了这个问题。character set ‘#33’ is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the file

  9. heqiang says:

    你好,我的MYSQL是界面版的,没有找到mysql.h文件该怎么破

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